A man comforts a woman at the fountain at Dizengoff Square on Wednesday

Memorial events have taken place in Israel on the third anniversary of the devastating Hamas-led attack there that sparked the war in Gaza.

Families paid tribute to their loved ones at some of the sites where about 1,200 people were killed in the assault and 251 were taken hostage.

"The nation unites on this day in the longing for our dear ones," said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who faced calls from protesters for an independent state inquiry into security failures that day.

In response to the attack, Israel launched a military offensive in Gaza which has killed more than 74,200 people, according to the Hamas-run health ministry, whose figures are seen as reliable by the UN.

Residents of kibbutz destroyed in 7 October Hamas-led attacks grapple with how to rebuild

Violence has continued in Gaza despite a ceasefire agreed almost a year ago and living conditions for the 2.1 million people living there remain dire.

On Wednesday morning, bereaved families and survivors gathered at a memorial for the 378 people who were killed at the Nova dance festival in southern Israel on 7 October 2023.

The festival site was near Kibbutz Re'im and not far from the border with Gaza, from where Hamas-led gunmen launched their dawn attack.

Witnesses have described how festival-goers were shot, sexually abused and tortured by gunmen during the raid.

Forty-four people were kidnapped, of whom 25 were brought back from Gaza alive.

Ahuva Yavin Mayze, whose 21-year-old daughter Adi was shot and killed at Nova, told the BBC what happened at the site was "dystopic, unimaginable".

At the Nova festival, 378 people were killed, with 44 more taken hostage

"Today is a difficult day, not only for me but for a large part of the nation," said Shlomo Sharf, a former Israeli footballer, in comments reported by Channel 12.

He paid tribute to his granddaughter, May Naim, 24, who was also killed at the festival.

Former hostage Yarden Bibas, whose wife and two young sons were kidnapped from their home in Kibbutz Nir Oz and later killed in captivity in Gaza, was quoted by the Times of Israel as saying: "Shiri, Ariel and Kfir. Sorry. Sorry that you are up there and I am here."

Residents and relatives pay tribute beside graves in Kfar Aza, Israel

Crowds also filed into the small cemetery at Kibbutz Kfar Aza, where 64 residents were killed and 19 were taken hostage on 7 October.

Zion Regev, a community leader, said most surviving residents had yet to return to their homes because of the trauma of what happened.

"This is the first time we are doing all the things here in the kibbutz," he told Reuters news agency. "It's a very emotional day, it's a very difficult day for our community, three years after 7 October."

A man who reportedly helped to fend off Hamas attackers at Kibbutz Magen praised IDF troops who "fought so bravely" during the raid.

Speaking to crowds at the national memorial event at Tel Aviv's Yarkon Park on Wednesday evening, Ido Yakir said Israel would remember everyone "who knew that they had to give their lives in order to save others".

In a statement released by his office on Wednesday afternoon, Netanyahu said he had lit a memorial candle commemorating every victim of 7 October.

"We will complete the mission: we have settled the score and will continue settling the score with all the murderers," he added.

At a ceremony on Monday marking the Jewish calendar's anniversary of the attack, the prime minister said Israel had killed 4,000 out of the 6,000 Palestinians who infiltrated Israel from Gaza that day.

The water of the fountain at Dizengoff Square in Tel Aviv was stained red to symbolise blood

In Tel Aviv's Dizengoff Square, Israeli anti-government protesters dyed the fountain red to mark the anniversary of the attack.

The fountain has been used as a memorial site for those killed, with pictures, flowers and messages laid around the basin wall.

Protesters also briefly blocked one of the main highways in the city to hold a moment of silence on Wednesday morning.

They held banners that read, "the people will remember their sons and daughters", along with others that said "a complete failure" and "guilty" next to an image of Netanyahu.

Many senior Israeli defence and security officials have resigned or been fired since the attack took place. But there has not been an independent commission of inquiry into Israel's worst security failure.

The prime minister has rejected any personal responsibility and has refused to establish a state inquiry led by Israel's Supreme Court, arguing recently that the country's judiciary would be biased against him.

Einav Zangauker became an outspoken critic of the Netanyahu government while her son, Matan, was in captivity in Gaza. He was released last October as part of the ceasefire agreement.

"They're trying to make us forget what happened on 7 October," she told Army Radio. "We won't forget, we will demand the truth."

Dalit Ram Aharon and her husband Achi say they want to move back to Nir Oz "in the memory" of the friends they lost

Memorial events were organised in other countries around the world, including in Germany, where the Jewish students' union held a vigil at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said the Hamas-led attack marked a "profound rupture".

"We commemorate the victims, we share their pain," he said, adding that antisemitism must be confronted with "even greater resolve".

UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham told Britain's Jewish community: "We stand with you."

"The impact of the attacks has been felt not just in Israel, but in Jewish communities across the world who still bear the burden of the tragic events that day," he said.

Outside Downing Street, a vigil was also held to commemorate British-Israelis killed in the initial attack, later as hostages, or in fighting with Hamas.

Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, said: "The unspeakable savagery and terror of 7 October must never happen again."

She also said that the European Union "remains ready to help turn today's fragile ceasefire into a durable peace, based on a two-state solution."

Speaking to reporters outside the White House on Wednesday, US President Donald Trump said he had spoken to Netanyahu and wished the people of Israel well.

"That was a horrible day, a horrible tragedy," he said.

Families in Gaza are increasingly worried about where they will end up

This is the first anniversary of the 7 October attack with no hostages remaining in Gaza, but a US-brokered ceasefire deal from last year has failed to deliver peace or bring security.

There has been no end to Gaza's deadliest ever war, as Israel continues to carry out near-daily attacks.

More than 1,460 people have been killed there since the ceasefire took effect, according to Gaza health ministry. The Israeli military says at least seven Israeli soldiers have been killed in the strip over the same period.

Most of Gaza is in ruins, with nearly all the 2.1 million population still displaced amid dire humanitarian conditions.

An estimated 80% of all structures have been destroyed or damaged during the war, leaving more than 60 million tonnes of rubble piled up and 1.2 million people living in tents or shelters, according to the UN.

Families who have been displaced several times during the war increasingly ask where they could go next, and whether they might even be forced to leave Gaza altogether.

Mohammed Emad al-Din, a 38-year-old father of two who works as a barber in Gaza City, said he had been displaced five times. His home was destroyed and his barber shop was partially damaged.

He told the BBC that the fear of being forced out of Gaza now follows him even into his dreams.

"I don't believe Israel caused all this destruction for nothing," he said.

"They have turned Gaza into a place that is almost impossible to live in, and I fear that we will eventually end up outside the place where we were born."

Another displaced Palestinian, Atta Saeed Hassan Shweikh, told the BBC that his son, daughter, sister and her children had all been killed during the war.

Speaking from Gaza City, he said Palestinians were "living in graves while still alive" and have endured "severe suffering".

At least three Palestinians were killed in Israeli strikes in the northern town of Beit Lahia and the southern city of Khan Younis on Wednesday, medics said.

The Israeli military said it struck two Hamas operatives in northern Gaza overnight, one of whom it accused of planting explosives near the so-called Yellow Line, which marks the territory still occupied by Israeli forces.

Hamas - which is proscribed as a terrorist organisation by Israel, the UK and others - released a statement praising the 7 October attack as a "historic milestone" in its "ongoing struggle project".

The statement, attributed to the group and disseminated in Palestinian media, called the attack "a natural response" to "bitter suffering" imposed by Israel.

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